Table of Contents

First Aid: Definition
is the immediate support or treatment provided to injured or suddenly taken ill by doctor or other qualified person, before the arrival of an ambulance.

Approach to a Conscious Causality

Re assure
Head to toe survey
First Aid to the specific injury
Move to secured place

What to find out?

Deformities
Open Injuries
Tender
Swell

Principles of First Aid

DRABC (danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation)
D: danger
R: response
A: airway
B: breathing
C: circulation (incase no breathing)

Tongue blocks the airway, when the person is unconscious.

Airway:

Check
open the airway
title head and lift chin

Breathing:

Check the breathing by Look, Listen and Feel
Look for the rise and fall of the chest
Listen to the sound of breath at nose and mouth
Feel the warm breath on your cheeks

First Aid: Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Definition
Use of artificial breathing (mouth-to- mouth breathing) and external heart compression (rhythmic pressure on the breast bone) on an unconscious causality with no breathing and no circulation

Approach to CPR
Check response by shake, shout and pinch

Provide artificial breathing

Hold his/her chin and lift it up
Keep his/her mouth open by your thumb
Place hand on his/her forehead, pinch his/her nose with index finger and thumb
Take a breath, seal his/her open mouth with your mouth
Blow into his/her mouth for one second

Provide Artificial Circulation

CPR for infant under 12 months

1. Assess the Situation

Ensure safety: is area secure for entrance
Check for response: check needy respond
Call medical help: call ambulance

2. Open airway

Head tilt chin Lift: Hold his/her chin and lift it up
Check breath: look listen and feel
Position: on a firm surface
Hand placement: place your two fingers on lower half of breastbone
Compression depth: push your hand down straight about 1/3 of its depth
Compression Rate: 100 to 120 compressions/minute
Continue Compression: until medical team arrives or shows recovery

CPR for Adults

1. Assess the Situation
Ensure safety: is area secure for entrance
Check for response: check needy person respond
Call medical help: call ambulance

2. Open airway
Head tilt chin Lift: Hold his/her chin and lift it up
Check breath: look listen and feel
Position: on a firm surface
Hand placement: place your palm on lower half of breastbone
Compression depth: push your hand down straight about 2 inches
Compression Rate: 100 to 120 compressions/minute
Continue Compression: until medical team arrives or shows recovery

Continue with cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths until emergency help arrives or the person begins to breathe normally

Recovery Position

Termination of CPR

Under normal circumstances CPR may be terminated under four circumstances:

The victim is revived.
A more qualified person takes over.
The person performing CPR becomes exhausted.
A doctor pronounces the victim is dead.

First Aid: Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion can occur after long term exposure to high temperature & high humidity

Sign and Symptoms

slightly above normal
Pale skin
sweat
Tired
Dizzy
Headache
Nausea
Muscle cramps
Vomit
Faint

First Aid treatment

Loose or remove clothes
cool down by using a cold-water spray
apply a cool, wet clothes on skin
Have a cool shower
apply crushed ice in a towel on the neck
Drink water.

First Aid: Heat Stroke

Heatstroke is life-threaten Situation
It is a disturbance in body’s heat regulating system
due to exposure to heat, from an inability of the body to cool itself

Sign and symptoms

Extremely high body temperature (often 105.F/41 or 42C or higher).
Red, hot, and dry skin. Sweating usually absent
Rapid and strong pulse
Possible unconsciousness or confusion
Death

First aid of heat Stroke

Apply rapid cooling method based on resources
Apply cold, wet clothes to skin
Apply ice packs and provide fan
Take a cold shower

Frost bite

Cold injury when body tissue freezes

Sign and symptoms:

At first pins and needles
Pallor, followed by numbness
Hardening and stiffness of the skin

Symptoms of frostbite include:

Numbness
Tingling
color of affected skin indicates how serious frostbite is
Cold, hard, waxy-looking skin
Clumsiness due to joint stiffness
Pain
Blistering after rewarming

First aid of frostbite

For first aid of frostbite, move the person to a warm place, gently remove wet clothing, and rewarm the affected area using warm water (not hot) or body heat, avoiding rubbing or breaking blisters, and seek medical attention.

Building a Workplace First Aid Response

An effective workplace first-aid response depends on more than a stocked kit: it requires trained first-aiders present during working hours, a clear reporting chain so an injured worker’s status reaches the right people quickly, and periodic review of near-miss and injury data to identify recurring hazards before they cause a more serious incident.

Recognizing When to Escalate

Not every injury can or should be managed with workplace first aid alone. Workers and first-aiders should be trained to recognize red-flag signs — heavy or uncontrolled bleeding, loss of consciousness, difficulty breathing, suspected fracture or spinal injury, chemical exposure to eyes or skin — that require calling emergency services immediately rather than attempting to manage the situation on site. First aid buys time; it is not a substitute for professional medical care in a serious incident.

EHS Guidelines

Independent EHS guides, safety procedures, risk assessments and safety-officer study material with primary-source references.

First Aid at Workplace

First Aid: Definition
is the immediate support or treatment provided to injured or suddenly taken ill by doctor or other qualified person, before the arrival of an ambulance.

Approach to a Conscious Causality

What to find out?

Principles of First Aid